Metagenomic approaches are currently being used to decipher the genome of the
microbiota (microbiome), and, in parallel, functional studies are being performed to analyze …

This review elaborates the development of germfree and gnotobiotic animal models and
their application in the scientific field to unravel mechanisms underlying host—microbe …

Traditionally bacteria have been considered as either pathogens, commensals or symbionts.
The mammal gut harbors 10 14 organisms dispersed on approximately 1000 different …

A multitude of diverse microorganisms, termed the microbiota, reside in the gut, respiratory
tract, skin, and genital tract of humans and other animals. Recent advances in metagenomic …

Autoimmune disorders derive from genetic, stochastic, and environmental factors that all
together interact in genetically predisposed individuals. The impact of an imbalanced gut …

Billions of years of coevolution shaped the mutually beneficial relationships between
metazoans and symbiotic commensal microorganisms. Commensal microorganisms …

The structure of the human gut microbial community is determined by host genetics and
environmental factors, where alterations in its structure have been associated with the onset …

Studying the cross talk between nonpathogenic organisms and their mammalian hosts
represents an experimental challenge because these interactions are typically subtle and …

Gut microbiota is an assortment of microorganisms inhabiting the length and width of the
mammalian gastrointestinal tract. The composition of this microbial community is host …

The human gut is colonized by a wide diversity of micro-organisms, which are now known to
play a key role in the human host by regulating metabolic functions and immune …