Background: A substantial proportion of the variability in the absorption and clearance of
cyclosporin A (CsA) after oral administration has been attributed to variability in liver …

Objectives: Cyclosporine (CsA) has a narrow thera-peutic range, and its pharmacokinetic
characteristics vary among individuals. It also is a substrate for cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A …

Background The immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine (INN, ciclosporin), whose
pharmacokinetic characteristics vary greatly among individuals, is a substrate for …

SUMMARY 1 The calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporine is widely used to prevent allograft
rejection after solid organ transplantation. It has a narrow therapeutic index and shows …

Variability in CYP3A (CYP3A4/5) and P‐glycoprotein (human MDR1 gene product) activity
underlies interindividual differences in oral cyclosporine (CsA) bioavailability. Racial …

Objective The objective of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the effects of MDR1,
CYP3A4* 18B, and CYP3A5* 3 genetic polymorphisms on cyclosporine A (CsA) …

Objective The aim of this study was to assess the influence of the cytochrome (CYP450) 3A5
and multidrug resistance (MDR1) gene polymorphisms on cyclosporine A (CsA) trough …

Abstract Objective: Cytochrome P 450 3A4 (CYP3A4) plays a vital role in the oxidative
metabolism of many xenobiotics. Some recent reports have provided circumstantial …

Background. Cyclosporine A (CsA) is characterized by high interindividual variations in oral
bioavailability and a narrow therapeutic index. CsA is a substrate for P-glycoprotein, a …

Abstract Intestinal cytochrome P 450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) both play a
vital role in the metabolism of oral cyclosporine (CsA). We investigated the genetic …