The interlaminar ligament between the neural arches of L3 and L4 vertebrae of 10 post
mortem subjects, aged 13–79 yr, was subjected to tension tests in Ringer solution. The …

Although previous studies failed to demonstrate elastic fibers in intervertebral discs, electron
microscopy of twenty human intervertebral discs obtained at autopsy and operation revealed …

Object Nucleus replacement implants became increasingly attractive as an alternative to
fusion, discectomy, or total disc replacement. The goals of nucleus replacement are to …

We investigated the effect of loading rate on tensile properties of sheep bone-anulus-bone
specimens in axial direction. Disc anulus Samples with adjacent bone attachments were …

The inter-lamellar matrix (ILM)—located between adjacent lamellae of the annulus fibrosus—
consists of a complex structure of elastic fibers, while elastic fibers of the intra-lamellar …

Collagen fibers within the annulus fibrosus (AF) lamellae are unidirectionally aligned with
alternating orientations between adjacent layers. AF constitutive models often combine two …

Uniaxial tensile and relaxation tests were carried out on annulus fibrosus samples carved
out in the circumferential direction. Images were shot perpendicularly to the loading …

The three‐dimensional architecture of cells in the annulus fibrosus was studied by a
systematic, histological examination using antibodies to cytoskeletal components, in …

Uniaxial confined compression and swelling experiments on cylindrical specimens taken
either in an axial or in a radial direction from a canine lumbar annulus fibrosus are …

The inter‐lamellar matrix (ILM) has an average thickness of less than 30 µm and lies
between adjacent lamellae in the annulus fibrosus (AF). The microstructure and composition …