This study tested the theoretical assertion that anger and sympathy would be differentially
associated with “hot-blooded” reactive and “cold-blooded” proactive aggression in an …

Abstract Years ago, Averill (1982) stressed that all anger does not result in aggression, and
that all aggression is not the result of anger. The second half of this idea, that aggression …

The goal of this study was to examine the relations of reactive versus proactive aggression
to children's anger, as assessed using observational, physiological, and self–report …

Given the prevalence of anger-related aggression in school and out-of-school contexts,
research on counteracting the anger-aggression link in children and adolescents is likely to …

Our first goal was to examine the relations among observational, physiological, and self‐
report measures of children's anger. Our second goal was to investigate whether these …

The central goal of this study was to examine the prospective associations between forms
(ie, physical and relational) and functions (ie, proactive and reactive) of aggressive behavior …

With a diary study of 4-and 8-year-olds, we tested the association between daily deviations
in anger and aggressive behavior, and whether this link was moderated by feelings of guilt …

A theoretical distinction has been made between two types of childhood aggression that
serve different functions. Reactive aggression is defensive, retaliatory, and in response to …

Proactive and reactive aggression subtypes are distinguishable as early as the preschool
years. However, their early physiological and social–emotional correlates have not been …

The authors examined the role of sympathy and moral respect in children's overt aggression,
and the subtypes of proactive and reactive aggression, in an ethnically diverse sample of 5 …