Besides their cell-damaging effects in the setting of oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species
(ROS) play an important role in physiological intracellular signalling by triggering …

Osteoporosis, a disease of low bone mass, is associated with decreased osteoblast
numbers and increased levels of oxidative stress within osteoblasts. Since transcription …

Aging increases oxidative stress and osteoblast apoptosis and decreases bone mass,
whereas forkhead box O (FoxO) transcription factors defend against oxidative stress by …

The FoxO subfamily of forkhead transcription factors plays a critical role in a variety of
physiological processes including metabolism, differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis and …

The FoxO family of forkhead transcription factors is at the crossroads of many signal
transduction pathways that are evolutionarily conserved. Such pathways have been co …

Bone remodeling is a continuous physiological process that requires constant generation of
new osteoblasts from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Differentiation of MSCs to osteoblast …

Uncontrolled oxidative stress impairs bone formation and induces age‐related bone loss in
humans. The FoxO family is widely accepted to play an important role in protecting diverse …

Skeletogenesis depends on the activity of bone-forming cells derived from mesenchymal
cells. The pathways that control mesenchymal cell differentiation are not well understood …

Objective A major signaling pathway that regulates cellular aging is the insulin/insulin‐like
growth factor 1 (IGF‐1)/phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/Akt/FoxO transcription factor …

Forkhead box class O family member proteins (FoxOs) are evolutionarily conserved
transcription factors for their highly conserved DNA-binding domain. In mammalian species …