Leukocytes are recruited into the cerebral microcirculation following an ischemic insult. The
leukocyte–endothelial cell adhesion manifested within a few hours after ischemia (followed …

Immunological mechanisms have come into the focus of current translational stroke
research, and the modulation of neuroinflammatory pathways has been identified as a …

The inflammation that accompanies acute injury has dual functions: bactericidal action and
repair. Bactericidal functions protect damaged tissue from infection, and repair functions are …

Microglia are resident CNS immune cells that are active sensors in healthy brain and
versatile effectors under pathological conditions. Cerebral ischemia induces a robust …

Focal cerebral ischemia elicits a strong inflammatory response involving early recruitment of
granulocytes and delayed infiltration of ischemic areas and the boundary zones by T cells …

The immune response to acute cerebral ischemia is a major factor in stroke pathobiology
and outcome. While the immune response starts locally in occluded and hypoperfused …

Aims Phagocytosis is the cellular digestion of extracellular particles, such as pathogens and
dying cells, and is a key element in the evolution of central nervous system (CNS) disorders …

The'silent epidemic'of traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been placed in the spotlight as a result
of clinical investigations and popular press coverage of athletes and veterans with single or …

Cerebral ischemia is caused by arterial occlusion due to a thrombus or an embolus. Such
occlusion induces multiple and concomitant pathophysiological processes that involve …

Microglial activation is an early response to brain ischemia and many other stressors.
Microglia continuously monitor and respond to changes in brain homeostasis and to specific …