Fish (along with cyclostomes) constitute the most ancient animal group in which an acquired
immune system is present. As in higher vertebrates, both B and T lymphocytes cooperate in …

As physical barriers that separate teleost fish from the external environment, mucosae are
also active immunological sites that protect them against exposure to microbes and …

Teleost fish possess an adaptive immune system associated with each of their mucosal
body surfaces. Evidence obtained from mucosal vaccination and mucosal infection studies …

Mucosal surfaces are the main route of entry for pathogens in all living organisms. In the
case of teleost fish, mucosal surfaces cover the vast majority of the animal. As these surfaces …

Cellular and molecular data have evidenced a gut-associated lymphoid tissue in a variety of
teleost species, abundantly containing T cells, whose origin, selection and functions are still …

Gut-associated lymphocytes were described in fish, but their involvement in immune
responses is still unknown. In rainbow trout, intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) are scattered …

The mucosal surfaces of teleosts (bony fishes) are the major interface between fishes and
their immediate environment and serve as primary sites of entry for most pathogens. The …

Teleosts clearly have a more diffuse gut associated lymphoid system, which is
morphological and functional clearly different from the mammalian GALT. All immune cells …

Fish are subjected to several insults from the environment, which may endanger animal
survival. Mucosal surfaces are the first line of defense against these threats, acting as a …

Gut-associated immune tissue, as represented by lymphocytes and lymphoid cell
aggregates, occurs in all jawed vertebrates. Considering the lymphopoietic function of the …