Polystyrene nano-plastics (PS-NPs) can be accumulated in the food chain and can
penetrate biological barriers to affect multiple physiological functions. However, the adverse …

Plastics have been proven to be a potential threat to the ecosystem, and their toxicity
mechanism is still uncertain. In the ecological environment, plastics can be degraded into …

Nanoplastics (NPs) are unavoidable hazardous materials that result from the human
production and use of plastics. While there is evidence that NPs can bioaccumulate in the …

Polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) have emerged as a concerning pollutant in modern
society due to their widespread production and usage. Despite ongoing research efforts, the …

The production of plastic is still increasing globally, which has led to an increasing number
of plastic particles in the environment. Nanoplastics (NPs) can penetrate the blood-brain …

Microplastics (MPs) are inevitably oxidized in the environment, and their potential toxicity to
organisms has attracted wide attention. However, the neurotoxicity and mechanism of …

In animal species, the brain–gut axis is a complex bidirectional network between the
gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the central nervous system (CNS) consisting of numerous …

Microplastics (MPs), emerging environmental toxicants, have drawn attention because of
their wide distribution in the environment. Exposure to MPs induces gut microbiota …

Microplastic and nanoplastic (MNP) pollution has become a major global food safety
concern. MNPs can interact with food matrices, and their passage through the …

Abstract Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) are novel environmental pollutants that
are ubiquitous in the environment and everyday life. NPs can easily enter the tissues and …