Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in chronic kidney
disease (CKD). Nontraditional uremia-related risk factors as well as traditional risk factors …

Abnormalities of calcium–phosphate balance, with subsequent bone metabolism disorders,
are among the key and earliest features of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Recently, another …

In the last decade, the nephrology community has focused its attention on the main cause of
morbidity and mortality in chronic renal failure patients: cardiovascular disease. In addition …

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a predisposition to develop vascular
calcification due to dysregulated homeostatic mechanisms, which lead to an imbalance in …

Cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of mortality in chronic (CKD) and end-
stage renal disease (ESRD). The risk of developing cardiovascular complications is …

Vascular calcification is highly prevalent and correlated with high rates of cardiovascular
mortality in chronic kidney disease patients. Recent evidence suggests that mineral …

Cardiovascular events are the main causes of mortality in dialysed patients. Traditional risk
factors such as hypertension, aging, smoking, diabetes, and abnormal lipid metabolism …

In chronic kidney disease (CKD), the progressive decrease in renal function leads to
disturbances of mineral metabolism that generally cause secondary hyperparathyroidism …

Vascular calcification is very common in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and
has been found to be associated with mineral and bone disorders. There are two types of …

Vascular calcification is highly prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and
increases mortality in those patients. Impaired calcium and phosphate homeostasis …