Poliovirus surveillance plays a critical role in achieving and certifying eradication and will
play a key role in the polio endgame. Environmental surveillance can provide an opportunity …

A major obstacle to eradicating polio is that poliovirus from endemic countries can be
reintroduced to polio-free countries. Environmental surveillance (ES) can detect poliovirus …

Clinical case-driven surveillance for poliovirus remains the cornerstone of monitoring the
progress of the poliomyelitis eradication initiative (PEI). It includes notification and careful …

This article summarizes the status of environmental surveillance (ES) used by the Global
Polio Eradication Initiative, provides the rationale for ES, gives examples of ES methods and …

Surveillance is a cornerstone of polio eradication programs. Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP)
surveillance is the primary means of poliovirus detection, supplemented by environmental …

Within the initiatives for poliomyelitis eradication by WHO, Italy activated an environmental
surveillance (ES) in 2005. ES complements clinical Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) …

Wild polioviruses still remain endemic in three countries (Afghanistan, Pakistan, and
Nigeria) and re-emergency of wild polio has been reported in previously polio-free …

The last decade has witnessed an exponential expansion of environmental surveillance
(ES) of poliovirus in sewage samples in the World Health Organization (WHO) South-East …

Background More than 99% of poliovirus infections are non-paralytic and therefore, not
detected by acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance. Environmental surveillance (ES) can …

Environmental poliovirus surveillance (ENV) means monitoring of poliovirus (PV)
transmission in human populations by examining environmental specimens supposedly …