For many years, quantifiable biomarkers in neurological diseases have represented a hot
topic. In multiple sclerosis (MS), cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers have played a diagnostic …

Objective To determine whether the ratio of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immunoglobulin kappa
to lambda light chains at time of multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnosis predicts disease …

Objective: Oligoclonal band (OCB) negative multiple sclerosis (MS) is well recognised but
uncommon, studied in only a few usually small case series. These reached differing …

In clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), the detection of oligoclonal bands (OCBs) in
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is critical for space dissemination validation when magnetic …

Objective To identify a biomarker distinguishing patients who, despite a primary progressive
multiple sclerosis (PPMS) clinical course, may nonetheless benefit from immune therapy …

Background: There is increasing evidence on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) oligoclonal IgM
(OCIgM) predicting a more aggressive disease course in relapsing–remitting Multiple …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous
system. We compared the diagnostic performance of isoelectric focusing (IEF) combined …

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis is of utmost importance for diagnosis and differential
diagnosis of patients with suspected multiple sclerosis (MS). Evidence of intrathecal …

Intrathecal IgG synthesis is a key biological feature of multiple sclerosis (MS). When
acquired early, it persists over time. A growing body of evidence suggests that intrathecal Ig …

Magnetic resonance imaging has been shown to be a powerful tool for diagnosing multiple
sclerosis (MS) and evaluating surrogate markers of the disease activity. However …