Mitochondria are responsible for the majority of oxygen consumption in cells, and thus
represent a conceptually appealing site for cellular oxygen sensing. Over the past 40 years …

Physiological hypoxia results in a host of responses that include increased ventilation,
constriction of the pulmonary artery, and a cellular transcriptional program that promotes …

All eukaryotic cells utilize oxidative phosphorylation to maintain their high‐energy
phosphate stores. Mitochondrial oxygen consumption is required for ATP generation, and …

Maintenance of oxygen homoeostasis is required for the survival of higher organisms. The
transcription factor hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) has a crucial role in oxygen homoeostasis …

The importance of oxygen for the survival of multicellular and aerobic organisms is well
established and documented. Over the years, increased knowledge of its use for …

Generation, transformation, and utilization of organic molecules in support of cellular
differentiation, growth, and maintenance are basic tenets that define life. In eukaryotes …

Hypoxia elicits a variety of adaptive responses at the tissue level, at the cellular level, and at
the molecular level. A physiological response to hypoxia requires the existence of an O2 …

There are numerous mechanisms by which mammals respond to hypoxia. These include
acute changes in pulmonary arterial tone due to smooth muscle cell contraction, acute …

In eukaryotic cells, ATP generation is generally viewed as the primary function of
mitochondria under normoxic conditions. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), in contrast, are …

The molecular oxygen (O2) paradox was coined to describe its essential nature and toxicity.
The latter characteristic of O2 is associated with the formation of reactive oxygen species …