Due to morphological resemblance, polypterid fishes are used as extant analogues of Late
Devonian lobe‐finned sarcopterygians to identify the features that allowed the evolution of a …

Crustaceans display a dazzling array of limb morphologies. In this review, I address this
diversity from a functional perspective, by linking structure to behavioral demands. A general …

Limbs with digits evolved as sarcopterygian fish transitioned to a terrestrial life, giving rise to
modern tetrapods. Since the Devonian, most of the sarcopterygian fish diversity became …

Lateral undulation and trunk flexibility offer performance benefits to maneuverability,
stability, and stride length (via speed and distance traveled). These benefits make them key …

Pennaceous feathers capable of forming aerodynamic surfaces are characteristic of
Pennaraptora, the group comprising birds and their closest relatives among non-avian …

Secondary marine adaptation is a major pattern in amniote evolution, accompanied by
specific bone histological adaptations. In the aftermath of the end-Permian extinction …

Gnathostomes all share the common challenge of assembling 1 st pharyngeal arch
elements and associated dermal bones (suspensorium) with the neurocranium into a …

The Mesozoic marine reptiles were the dominant predators of the seas (alongside some
sharks) for almost 200 million years. They profoundly transformed the body form of land …

Small fishes living in fast‐flowing rivers face a harsh environment as they can easily be
swept away by the rapid currents. To survive such circumstances, teleosts evolved a wide …

Three‐dimensional mathematical/computational models of three types of plesiosaur
(Liopleurodon‐short neck, Cryptoclidus‐medium neck, and Thalassomedon‐long neck) …