Background: Alcohol craving or automatic behavioral responses provoked by alcohol‐
related cues are thought to contribute to relapse risk in abstinent individuals. However, there …

Mesocorticolimbic dopamine (DA) transmission has been implicated in the consummatory
and, more recently, the incentive-motivational aspect of ethanol's actions. The purpose of …

Basal forebrain dopamine (DA) and 5-HT neurotransmission has been implicated in the
mediation of the acute reinforcing actions of ethanol. Neuroadaptation theories predict that …

It has been argued that the anticipation of ethanol consumption can activate reinforcement
substrates involved in alcohol-seeking behavior. To test this hypothesis nucleus accumbens …

Clinical observations suggest that stimuli associated with the availability or consumption of
ethanol can evoke subjective feelings of craving and trigger episodes of relapse in abstinent …

Rationale Conditioned behavioral responses to discrete drug-associated cues can be
modulated by the environmental context in which those cues are experienced, a process …

Repeated exposure to drugs of abuse results in an increased sensitivity to their behavioral
effects, a phenomena referred to as behavioral sensitization. It has been suggested that the …

The alcohol deprivation effect is a temporary increase in the intake of, or preference for,
ethanol after a period of deprivation that may result from persistent changes in key limbic …

The neurobiological processes by which ethanol seeking and consumption are established
and maintained are thought to involve areas of the brain that mediate motivated behavior …

Background: Rodent lines selected for alcohol preference and nonpreference have been
used extensively to determine the neurobiological basis of alcohol‐seeking behavior …