Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in patients with chronic kidney
disease (CKD). Multiple factors account for the increased incidence of cardiovascular …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is accompanied by disturbances in calcium, phosphate,
vitamin D, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) homeostasis that play an important role in the …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health issue with a rising prevalence, affecting
697.5 million people worldwide. It imposes a substantial burden, contributing to 35.8 million …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients have a higher risk of cardiovascular (CVD) morbidity
and mortality compared to the general population. The links between CKD and CVD are not …

Mineral bone disease (MBD) is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD)
characterized by disruption of normal mineral homeostasis within the body. One or more of …

Chronic kidney disease mineral and bone disorder (MBD) encompasses changes in mineral
ion and vitamin D metabolism that are widespread in the setting of chronic kidney disease …

Vasculature plays a key role in bone development and the maintenance of bone tissue
throughout life. The two organ systems are not only linked in normal physiology, but also in …

Recent advances in our understanding of the excess mortality of chronic kidney disease
(CKD) due to cardiovascular complications, obtained through observational studies …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a complex and multifactorial disease, and one of the most
prevalent worldwide. Chronic kidney disease–mineral bone disorders (CKD–MBD) with …

The key players of the chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorders (CKD-MBD) are
calcium, phosphate, PTH, FGF23, and the vitamin D hormonal system. The progressive …