Placental insufficiency leads to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and a lifelong risk of
developing type 2 diabetes. Impaired islet development in the growth restricted fetus …

Placental insufficiency is a primary cause of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). IUGR
increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) throughout life, which …

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) are
paracrine hormones that mediate communication between pancreatic islet endothelial cells …

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) impairs insulin secretion in humans and in animal
models of IUGR. Several underlying mechanisms have been implicated, including …

Placental insufficiency results in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), impaired fetal insulin
secretion and less fetal pancreatic β-cell mass, partly due to lower β-cell proliferation rates …

Being born small due to poor growth before birth increases the risk of developing metabolic
disease, including type 2 diabetes, in later life. Inadequate insulin secretion and decreasing …

Normal pregnancy is marked by significant changes in maternal insulin resistance and
hyperinsulinaemia from progressively increasing insulin secretion during gestation. The …

Glucose is the major fuel for fetal oxidative metabolism. A positive maternal–fetal glucose
gradient drives glucose across the placenta and is sufficient to meet the demands of the …

Background Maternal high blood glucose during pregnancy increases the risk for both
maternal and fetal adverse outcomes. The mechanisms underlying the regulator effects of …

As background for an antibody‐based therapeutic program against the IGF receptor, we
undertook a review of available information on the early pregnancy‐specific regulation and …