A wealth of evidence supports the developmental period as being an important determinant
for future health status, as well as life expectancy. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), or …

Reduced placental growth factor (PLGF) during pregnancy is known to be a reason for
developing preeclampsia (PE) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but the underlying …

Fetal growth is a complex process governed by multiple genetic factors, but ultimately
influenced by environmental processes. Fetal growth restriction is associated with morbidity …

Aim Placental growth hormone (PGH) is a major growth hormone in pregnancy and acts with
Insulin Like Growth Factor I (IGF-I) and Insulin Like Growth Hormone Binding Protein 3 …

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a condition in which the fetus does not achieve its
full growth potential, resulting in low birthweight infants. IUGR represents one of the leading …

Currently, there is a steady increase in the incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in the global
population, which causes an increase in maternal and perinatal mortality. Children born to …

Whether insulin or IGFs regulate glycogen synthesis in the fetal liver remains to be
determined. In this study, we used several knockout mouse strains, including those lacking …

Context: It remains uncertain whether maternal IGF-I is associated with fetal growth. Little is
known about the role of maternal IGF-II in fetal growth and whether IGF-I or IGF-II is …

During pregnancy, women undergo several metabolic changes to guarantee an adequate
supply of glucose to the foetus. These metabolic modifications develop what is known as …

Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) remains a dominant cause of perinatal morbidity and
mortality. More recently, it has been suggested that IUGR has longerterm effects on …