Neuropathic pain is often “spontaneous” or “stimulus-independent.” Such pain may result
from spontaneous discharge in primary afferent nociceptors in injured peripheral nerves …

Surgical trauma can affect spinal neuronal excitability, but there have been no studies of the
effects of surgical cutaneous injury on central nociceptive processing of deep afferent inputs …

We have previously demonstrated that β-endorphin and morphine, when administered
supraspinally, produce antinociception by activating different descending pain inhibitory …

The anterior pretectal nucleus (APtN) participates in nociceptive and antinociceptive
mechanisms. Drugs were injected into the ventral APtN to evaluate how intrinsic …

Emotional distress is the most undesirable feature of painful experience. Numerous studies
have demonstrated the important role of the limbic system in the affective‐motivational …

The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) is a key structure of the endogenous pain inhibitory system.
Although the DRN is rich in serotoninergic neurons, cholinergic neurons are also found in …

Clinical and experimental data indicate that the cerebral cortex plays an important role in
pain perception and endogenous antinociceptive system function. Moreover, the …

The present study showed that the inhibitory effect on the tail-flick reflex (TF) of stimulating
the deep mesencephalic nucleus (DpMe) was very similar to that produced by stimulation of …

Noxious (ie painful) stimulation in the rat induces profound heterosegmental antinociception
as demonstrated by the ability of either thermal stimulation (50° C water) or subdermal …

This study examined whether or not the antinociceptive effect of 2-or 100-Hz
electroacupuncture (EA) depends on the integrity of the retrosplenial cortex (RSC). Rats …