Highlights•Genomes of plant-associated fungi are enriched in repeat-rich areas containing
effector genes.•Effector genes located in repeat-rich areas are induced in planta and …

Dynamic changes in transcription profiles are key for the success of pathogens in colonizing
their hosts. In many pathogens, genes associated with virulence, such as effector genes, are …

Epidemics caused by fungal plant pathogens pose a major threat to agro-ecosystems and
impact global food security. High-throughput sequencing enabled major advances in …

Filamentous pathogens, including fungi and oomycetes, pose major threats to global food
security. Crop pathogens cause damage by secreting effectors that manipulate the host to …

Highlights•Plant pathogens produce effectors to interfere with host defences and
metabolism.•Effector genes are among the most rapidly evolving genes in pathogen …

Evidently, epigenetics is at forefront in explaining the mechanisms underlying the success of
human pathogens and in the identification of pathogen‐induced modifications within host …

Abstract Background The fungus Leptosphaeria maculans has an exceptionally long and
complex relationship with its host plant, Brassica napus, during which it switches between …

The identification of the fungal genes essential for disease underpins the development of
disease control strategies. Improved technologies for gene identification and functional …

Effectors are molecules used by microbial pathogens to facilitate infection via effector-
triggered susceptibility or tissue necrosis in their host. Much research has been focussed on …

Plant diseases caused by fungal pathogens are typically initiated by molecular interactions
between 'effector'molecules released by a pathogen and receptor molecules on or within the …