Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are continuously generated as a by‐product of normal
aerobic metabolism. Elevated ROS formation leads to potential damage of biological …

Background Astaxanthin (AST) is a kind of carotenoid natural pigment that has been widely
found in plants, crustaceans' shell, flamingos' feathers and microorganisms. Due to its …

Astaxanthin is a carotenoid produced by different organisms and microorganisms such as
microalgae, bacteria, yeasts, protists, and plants, and it is also accumulated in aquatic …

Among natural sources, the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis is the major producer of
the potent antioxidant pigment astaxanthin, a high-value compound whose demand is still …

Astaxanthin, a powerful antioxidant, is a good candidate for the prevention of intracellular
oxidative stress. The aim of the study was to compare the antioxidant activity of astaxanthin …

Astaxanthin (C40H52O4, FW 596.8) is a xanthophyll, an oxidative derivative of carotenes
(Figure 1). It is the main carotenoid pigment found in aquatic animals (Miki 1991). This red …

Microorganisms (microalgae and fungi) are currently the main sources of astaxanthin;
however, this carotenoid also accumulates in crustaceans, salmonids, and birds. Seafood …

As a result of high production costs, commercial products from microalgae must command
high prices. Astaxanthin produced by Haematococcus is a product that has become a …

Haematococcus pluvialis, a green microalga, appears to be a rich source of valuable
bioactive compounds, such as astaxanthin, carotenoids, proteins, lutein, and fatty acids …

Astaxanthin extracted from green algae is desirable in the food and pharmaceutical
industries due to its antioxidant properties. The green unicellular clear water microalga …