Humans are frequently exposed to various airborne allergens in the atmospheric
environment. These allergens may trigger a complex network of immune responses in the …

Background IL-33 plays an important role in the development of experimental asthma.
Objective We sought to study the role of the IL-33 receptor suppressor of tumorigenicity 2 …

Abstract Type 2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) play a pivotal role in helminthic infection and
allergic disorders. CD4+ T cells which produce type 2 cytokines can be generated via IL-4 …

Background Airway exposure to environmental antigens generally leads to immunologic
tolerance. A fundamental question remains: Why is airway tolerance compromised in …

Innate immunity provides the first line of response to invading pathogens and a variety of
environmental insults. Recent studies identified novel subsets of innate lymphoid cells that …

Type-2 innate immune responses that occur in airways and are accompanied by goblet-cell
hyperplasia and mucus production are largely driven by interleukin-33 (IL-33) and natural …

Abstract IL-33 is an IL-1-related cytokine which has been implicated in Th2-associated
biology and allergic diseases in humans and mice. IL-33 stimulates Th2 cells, mast cells …

Background IL-25 and IL-33 belong to distinct cytokine families, but experimental mouse
studies suggest their immunologic functions in type 2 immunity are almost entirely …

Allergic asthma is characterized by infiltration of eosinophils, elevated Th2 cytokine levels,
airway hyperresponsiveness, and IgE. In addition to eosinophils, mast cells, and basophils …

Background IL-33 is one of the most consistently associated gene candidates for asthma
identified by using a genome-wide association study. Studies in mice and in human cells …