Highlights•Low cortisol, enhanced GR function and a pro-inflammatory state have been
repeatedly observed in subpopulations of PTSD patients.•Biological dysregulation may …

Post-traumatic stress disorder is a severe, debilitating mental disorder with multiple
symptoms that span biological systems and present with medical comorbidities. This …

Background Although numerous studies have investigated the neurobiology and
neuroendocrinology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after single finished trauma …

The findings from investigations of the neuroendocrinology of posttraumatic stress disorder
(PTSD) have highlighted alterations that have not historically been associated with …

The article mentioned above has been retracted by R. Dantzer, Editor-in-Chief, in response
to a request from the Office of Research Integrity, Department of Health and Human …

Objective: It is assumed that stress-related changes in the endocrine and immune systems
are key mediators involved in the development of diseases associated with posttraumatic …

This chapter discussed how neuroendocrine findings in posttraumatic stress disorder
(PTSD) potentially inform hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) alterations in PTSD and …

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a serious and debilitating condition with a
prevalence rate of approximately 8% in the United States. Given the number of veterans …

The acute stress response includes activation of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA)
axis, which leads to the release of cortisol, a glucocorticoid. Through negative feedback …

The identification of biomarkers for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and
resilience/recovery is critical for advancing knowledge about pathophysiology and treatment …