Given the crucial role of the gastrointestinal tract and associated organs in handling nutrient
assimilation and metabolism, it has long been known that its communication with the brain is …

Food interacts with sensors all along the alimentary canal to provide the brain with
information regarding its composition, energy content, and beneficial effect. Vagal afferents …

This review highlights evidence for a role of the vagus nerve in the development of obesity
and how targeting the vagus nerve with neuromodulation or pharmacology can be used as a …

The communication between the gut and the brain is important for the control of energy
homeostasis. In response to food intake, enteroendocrine cells secrete gut hormones, which …

The regulation of energy and glucose balance contributes to whole-body metabolic
homeostasis, and such metabolic regulation is disrupted in obesity and diabetes. Metabolic …

Although the gastrointestinal tract contains intrinsic neural plexuses that allow a significant
degree of independent control over gastrointestinal functions, the central nervous system …

These recent findings demonstrate that the use of improved anatomical and physiological
techniques and animal models with targeted gene modifications lead to an improved …

The regulation of energy balance requires the complex integration of homeostatic and
hedonic pathways, but sensory inputs from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are increasingly …

Highlights• The vagus nerve is a crucial link between gut signals and the brain regulating
various functions such as energy homeostasis, digestion, immune responses, reward …

The brain, particularly the hypothalamus and brainstem, monitors and integrates circulating
metabolic signals, including gut hormones. Gut–brain communication is also mediated by …