Alcohol withdrawal symptoms, particularly negative emotional states, can persist for months
following the removal of alcohol. These protracted withdrawal symptoms have been …

Background: Alcohol dependence is a chronic disorder in which withdrawal symptoms often
persist after detoxification. The purpose of the present experiment was to characterize …

Background: Alcohol relapse is a major problem in the treatment of alcohol abuse and
alcoholism. Understanding the long‐term neuronal alterations that promote relapse of …

Clinical observations suggest that stimuli associated with the availability or consumption of
ethanol can evoke subjective feelings of craving and trigger episodes of relapse in abstinent …

The role of withdrawal‐related phenomena in the development and maintenance of alcohol
addiction remains under debate. A 'self‐medication'framework postulates that emotional …

Prior experience with ethanol (EtOH) withdrawal may sensitize an individual to subsequent
withdrawal episodes. It has been hypothesized that the progressive intensification of the …

Alcoholism (alcohol dependence) is characterized by a compulsion to seek and ingest
alcohol (ethanol), loss of control over intake, and the emergence of a negative emotional …

Rationale The rationale for proposing the “kindling”/stress hypothesis is to provide a
conceptual basis for the insidious development and maintenance of alcohol abuse …

Repeated ethanol withdrawal experience has been shown to result in an exacerbation of
future withdrawal episodes. This sensitization of the withdrawal response has been …

The importance of temporal factors on the presence and severity of ethanol withdrawal signs
in the rat was quantified using rating scale, tremor, and acoustic startle paradigms. Ethanol …