Humans, even as infants, use cognitive strategies, such as exploration and hypothesis
testing, to learn about causal interactions in the environment. In animal learning studies …

The strategies found by animals facing a new task are determined both by individual
experience and by structural priors evolved to leverage the statistics of natural …

Despite being unpredictable and uncertain, reward environments often exhibit certain
regularities, and animals navigating these environments try to detect and utilize such …

Understanding how animals update their decision-making behavior over time is an
important problem in neuroscience. Decision-making strategies evolve over the course of …

Animal choices depend on direct sensory information, but also on the dynamic changes in
the magnitude of reward. In visual discrimination tasks, the emergence of lateral biases in …

Progress in understanding how individual animals learn will require high-throughput
standardized methods for behavioral training but also advances in the analysis of the …

The ability to select between actions that are more vs. less likely to be reinforced is
necessary for survival and navigation of a changing environment. A task termed “response …

In uncertain environments in which resources fluctuate continuously, animals must
permanently decide whether to stabilise learning and exploit what they currently believe to …

How do animals learn? This remains an elusive question in neuroscience. Whereas
reinforcement learning often focuses on the design of algorithms that enable artificial agents …

Reinforcement learning causes an action that yields a positive outcome more likely to be
taken in the future. Here, we investigate how the time elapsed from an action affects …