The nucleus reuniens (RE) is a ventral midline thalamic nucleus that interconnects the
medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus (HPC). Considerable data indicate that …

Background Contextual fear learning is heavily dependent on the hippocampus. Despite
evidence that catecholamines contribute to contextual encoding and memory retrieval, the …

Fear and trauma generate some of the longest-lived memories. Despite the corresponding
need to understand how such memories can be attenuated, the underlying brain circuits …

Contextual fear conditioning is a Pavlovian conditioning paradigm capable of rapidly
creating fear memories to contexts, such as rooms or chambers. Contextual fear …

Engrams are cellular substrates of memory traces that have been identified in various brain
areas, including the amygdala. Most engrams identified so far are formed by excitatory …

Cued threat conditioning is the most common preclinical model for emotional memory, which
is dysregulated in anxiety disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder. Though women are …

Fear regulation changes as a function of the early life is a key developmental period for the
continued maturation of fear neural circuitry. The mechanisms of fear retrieval-induced …

The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) processes contextual information from the
hippocampus to generate appropriate fear responses. In rodents, one path for sending …

Memory extinction and renewal are major factors that limits the efficacy of exposure therapy.
The dorsal dentate gyrus (dDG) plays a crucial role in spatial memory, and epigenetic …

The rodent medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is functionally organized across the dorsoventral
axis, where dorsal and ventral subregions promote and suppress fear, respectively. As the …