OBJECTIVE: Fungi are known to induce the production of chemical mediators from
respiratory epithelial cells and have been increasingly recognized as important pathogens …

Earlier studies demonstrated immunological response to Alternaria alternata in patients with
eosinophil-related fungal rhinosinusitis (FRS). However, Aspergillus flavus rather than A …

Fungi in paranasal sinuses are characteristic and considered a major pathogenic factor in a
subset of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients, known as allergic fungal rhinosinusitis …

Background and objective A novel fungal allergen, Alternaria (Alt), has been previously
shown to associate with the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma …

Sensitivity to fungi is a major risk factor for the development of asthma. However, the
prevalence of fungal sensitivity in asthma is not completely understood. Nonetheless …

Background The pathogenic roles of fungus and bacteria in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS)
remain unclear. Recently, we described the bacterial ball, which is distinct from the fungus …

Future precision medicine requires further clarifying the mechanisms of inflammation in the
severe endotypes of chronic airway diseases such as asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis …

OBJECTIVE: Fungus may contribute to the development and exacerbation of allergic airway
diseases. Several studies have demonstrated the presence of humoral immune responses …

Objective: Examine the efficacy of epicutaneous and intradermal testing in predicting
response to nasal provocation with Alternaria antigen. Study Design and Setting …

The genus Alternaria contains several species of melanized hyphomycetes that cause
opportunistic human infections. The published literature contains 210 reported cases of …