During the last decades, schizophrenia has been regarded as a developmental disorder.
The neurodevelopmental hypothesis proposes schizophrenia to be related to genetic and …

Chronic stressors, during developmental sensitive periods and beyond, contribute to the risk
of developing psychiatric conditions, including major depressive disorder (MDD). Epigenetic …

Environmental enrichment (EE) that combines voluntary physical exercise, sensory and
social stimuli, causes profound changes in rodent brain at molecular, anatomical and …

Over the last 50 years, the concept of stress has evolved significantly, and our
understanding of the underlying neurobiology has expanded dramatically. Rather than …

Chronic stress is a core risk factor for developing a myriad of neurological disorders,
including major depression. The chronicity of such stress can lead to adaptive responses or …

Housing rodents in an enriched environment (EE) has been typically considered to have
positive effects on well-being and cognitive functioning of the animals. However, in some …

Gene-environment interactions drive experience-dependent changes in the brain that alter
cognition, emotion and behaviour. Positive engagement with the environment, through novel …

Exposure to enriched environment (EE) can influence expression of depression symptoms,
however, the underlying mechanism has not been established, although neurogenesis was …

Corticosteroid stress hormones exert a profound impact on cognitive and emotional
processes. Understanding the neuronal circuits that are altered by chronic stress is …

Highlights•Current findings on epigenetic embedding of the long term effects of
stress.•Describe the effects of the type and timing of stress on these mechanisms.•Describe …