Several studies have shown that manipulations to the housing environment modulate
susceptibility to stress in laboratory animals, mainly in rodents. Environmental enrichment …

Stress exposure has been shown to induce a variety of molecular and functional alterations
associated with anxiety and depression. Some studies suggest that microglia, the immune …

Atrophy of neurons and gross structural alterations of limbic brain regions, including the
prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus, have been reported in brain imaging and …

The brain is the key organ of the response to stress because it determines what is
threatening and, therefore, potentially stressful, as well as the physiological and behavioral …

In normal life, organisms are repeatedly exposed to brief periods of stress, most of which can
be controlled and adequately dealt with. The presently available data indicate that such brief …

Acute and chronic stressors are common triggers of human mental illnesses. Experimental
animal models and their cross-species translation to humans are critical for understanding of …

Early life stress (ELS) is implicated in the etiology of multiple psychiatric disorders. Important
biological effects of ELS are manifested in stress-susceptible regions of the hippocampus …

The hippocampus provided the gateway into much of what we have learned about stress
and brain structural and functional plasticity, and this initial focus has expanded to other …

Stress is a common life event with potentially long lasting effects on health and behavior.
Stress, and the corticosteroid hormones that mediate many of its effects, are well known for …

Severe and prolonged stress is the main environmental factor that precipitates depression,
anxiety and cognitive dysfunctions. On the other hand, exposure to environmental …