Mental illness is the leading cause of disability worldwide. We are only just beginning to
reveal and comprehend the complex interaction that exists between the genetic makeup of …

Exposure to stressful situations activates two hormonal systems that help the organism to
adapt. On the one hand stress hormones achieve adaptation by affecting peripheral organs …

This review will provide an overview of the non-drug based approaches that have been
demonstrated to enhance cognitive function of the compromised brain, primarily focussed on …

Mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors (MRs and GRs) mediate the impact of stress
on brain function primarily by affecting gene transcription in the cell nucleus. In vitro studies …

Throughout the 20th century a body of literature concerning the long-lasting effects of the
early environment was produced. Adverse experiences in early life, or early-life stress (ELS) …

The subgranular zone of the adult hippocampal dentate gyrus contains a pool of neural stem
cells that continuously divide and differentiate into functional granule cells. It has been …

After stress, the brain is exposed to waves of stress mediators, including corticosterone (in
rodents) and cortisol (in humans). Corticosteroid hormones affect neuronal physiology in two …

Exposure to an enriched environment (EE) has been shown to induce cortical plasticity.
Considerable amount of research is focused on the effects of EE in the hippocampus; …

J. Neurochem.(2010) 112, 1138–1146. Abstract Stress and corticosterone level are thought
to negatively associate with neurogenesis in mammalian brains. Social support can diminish …

Stress has been shown to affect brain structural plasticity, promote long‐term changes in
multiple neurotransmitter systems and cause neuronal atrophy. However, the mechanisms …