Traditional studies on the combined effects of genetics and the environment on individual
variation in disease susceptibility primarily focus on single nucleotide polymorphisms that …

It is thought that germ cells and preimplantation embryos during development are most
susceptible to endogenous and exogenous environmental factors because the epigenome …

The epigenome is the overall epigenetic state of a cell and represents the ensemble of
chromatin modifications. It is an essential mechanism for the regulation of the genome that …

A growing body of evidence suggests that the risk of development and progression of a
variety of human chronic diseases depends on epigenetic modifications triggered by …

Genetic studies traditionally focus on DNA as the molecule that passes information on from
parents to their offspring. Changes in the DNA code alter heritable information and can more …

This review considers the emerging relationships between environmental factors and
epigenetic alterations and the application of genome-wide assessments to better define …

Epidemiological evidence increasingly suggests that environmental exposures early in
development have a role in susceptibility to disease in later life. In addition, some of these …

Improved understanding of the multilayer regulation of the human genome has led to a
greater appreciation of environmental, nutritional, and epigenetic risk factors for human …

Epigenetics investigates heritable changes in gene expression that occur without changes
in DNA sequence. Several epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation and histone …

Background: It has been estimated that a substantial portion of chronic and
noncommunicable diseases can be caused or exacerbated by exposure to environmental …