Various procedures are in use to calculate excess deaths during the ongoing COVID-19
pandemic. Using weekly death counts from 20 European countries, we evaluate the …

Several teams have been publishing global estimates of excess deaths during the COVID‐
19 pandemic. Here, we examine potential flaws and underappreciated sources of …

Background Excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic is of major scientific and
political interest. Methods We critically reviewed different estimates of all-cause excess …

Different modeling approaches can be used to calculate excess deaths for the COVID-19
pandemic period. We compared 6 calculations of excess deaths (4 previously published [3 …

Excess death estimates have great value in public health, but they can be sensitive to
analytical choices. Here we propose a multiverse analysis approach that considers all …

Excess mortality is often used to assess the health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. It
involves comparing the number of deaths observed during the pandemic with the number of …

Excess mortality has been used to measure the impact of COVID-19 over time and across
countries. But what baseline should be chosen? We propose two novel approaches: an …

Estimating excess mortality is challenging. The metric depends on the expected mortality
level, which can differ based on given choices, such as the method and the time series …

Introduction Excess mortality is a suitable indicator of health consequences of COVID-19
because death from any cause is clearly defined contrary to death from Covid-19. We …

Accurately determining the number of excess deaths caused by the COVID-19 pandemic is
hard. The most important challenge is determining the counterfactual count of baseline …