Humans are continuously exposed to low levels of thousands of industrial chemicals, most
of which are poorly characterised in terms of their potential toxicity. The new paradigm in …

Costs, scientific and ethical concerns related to animal tests for regulatory decision-making
have stimulated the development of alternative methods. When applying alternative …

For almost fifteen years, the availability and regulatory acceptance of new approach
methodologies (NAMs) to assess the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion …

Transporters are divided into the ABC and SLC super-families, mediating the cellular efflux
and influx of various xenobiotic and endogenous substrates. Here, an extensive literature …

Introduction Transporters are significant in dictating drug pharmacokinetics, thus inhibition of
transporter function can alter drug concentrations resulting in drug-drug interactions (DDIs) …

The evaluation of transporter-mediated drug–drug interactions (DDIs) during drug
development and post-approval contributes to benefit–risk assessment and helps formulate …

Introduction: Membrane drug transporters are well recognized as important contributing
factors to pharmacokinetics, notably involved in drug–drug interactions. Besides drugs …

Introduction: It is becoming increasingly evident that transporters play an important role in
the absorption, distribution and elimination of many drugs. Different approaches have been …

Importance of the field: Adequate permeability is essential for good oral absorption and
proper interpretation of pharmacokinetic and pharmacological data. Permeability-limiting …

Membrane transporters play a pivotal role in many organs to maintain their normal
physiological functions and contribute significantly to drug absorption, distribution, and …