This study is intended to determine the spatially varying optimal time periods for calculating
seasonal climate normals over the entire United States based on temperature data at 344 …

A simple approach to long-range forecasting of monthly or seasonal quantities is as the
average of observations over some number of the most recent years. Finding this “optimal …

Abstract Historical (1901–79) temperature and precipitation data for four Illinois stations
were used to determine the frequency with which summer and winter averages for periods of …

WMO-recommended 30-yr normals are no longer generally useful for the design, planning,
and decision-making purposes for which they were intended. They not only have little …

The predictive abilities of NOAA normals and running means of 2–30 years length are tested
statistically. Heating degree-day (HDD) data from six northern United States sites are tested …

A study has been made to assess the level of predictive skill associated with the application
of a simple analog methodology to long-range temperature prediction over the continental …

Climatic disasters are common in many tropical regions, and rainfall anomalies in particular
have a severe human impact. Accordingly, both the World Climate Programme and the US …

Using more than three times as many stations and time series of daily data that am generally
1.5–3.0 times longer than those in a previous study, estimates of the natural variability, also …

This study presents a second generation of homogenized monthly mean surface air
temperature data set for Canadian climate trend analysis. Monthly means of daily maximum …

The simultaneous relation between temperature and circulation during the winter season is
studied by correlating anomalies of monthly mean surface temperature at 109 stations in the …