Biomedical research requires both in vitro and in vivo studies in order to explore disease
processes or drug interactions. Foundational investigations have been performed at the …

Owing to their in vivo-like characteristics, three-dimensional (3 D) multicellular tumor
spheroid (MCTS) cultures are gaining increasing popularity as an in vitro model of tumors. A …

We propose a simple method for forming massive and uniform three-dimensional (3-D) cell
spheroids in a multi-level structured microfluidic device by gravitational force. The concept of …

The engineered three-dimensional (3D) cell cultivation system for the production of
multicellular spheroids has attracted considerable attention due to its improved in vivo …

Abstract The three-dimensional (3D) multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTs) model is
becoming an essential tool in cancer research as it expresses an intermediate complexity …

A three-dimensional (3D) tissue model has significant advantages over the conventional two-
dimensional (2D) model. A 3D model mimics the relevant in-vivo physiological conditions …

Multicellular spheroids are three dimensional in vitro microscale tissue analogs. The current
article examines the suitability of spheroids as an in vitro platform for testing drug delivery …

Multicellular spheroids and organoids are promising in vitro 3D models in personalized
medicine and drug screening. They replicate the structural and functional characteristics of …

Introduction: Developing in vitro models for studying cell biology and cell physiology is of
great importance to the fields of biotechnology, cancer research, drug discovery, toxicity …

Drug resistance remains a major clinical problem despite advances in targeted therapies. In
recent years, methods to culture cancer cells in three-dimensional (3D) environments to …