TNF participates in the induction of nitric oxide (NO) production and macrophage activation,
leading to the elimination of intracellular pathogens. We previously found that TNF receptor …

The ability to activate macrophages in vitro for nitric oxide production and killing of
Leishmania major parasites is dependent on tumor necrosis factor, although L. major …

TNF is involved in host resistance to several pathogens. Recently it was found that mice
lacking the p55 receptor for TNF (TNFRp55-/-) do not control growth of the intracellular …

The resolution of infections with the protozoan parasite Leishmania major in mice requires a
Th1 response that is closely associated with the expression of IL-12, IFN-γ, and inducible …

TNF is an essential player in infections with Leishmania major, contributing to the control of
the inflammatory lesion and, to a lesser degree, to parasite killing. However, the relative …

Following infection with the protozoan parasite Leishmania major, C57BL/6 mice develop a
small lesion that heals spontaneously. Resistance to infection is associated with the …

Induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase in mononuclear phagocytes by IFN-γ and innate
tumor necrosis factor (TNF) provide the basis for an effective immune response to the …

In our studies of host defense against the intracellular parasite Leishmania major, we
obtained evidence for a novel mechanism of macrophage activation for antimicrobial …

Previous studies provided evidence that the role of TNF in the control of Leishmania
(Leishmania) major might vary with the parasite strain. Here, we analyzed the development …

The development and regulation of specific types of immune responses are dependent on
understanding the biology of T helper cell (Th cells) subsets. We primarily use murine …