Background: Food environment factors contribute to cardiovascular disease, but their effect
on population-level heart failure (HF) mortality is unclear. Methods: We utilized the National …

The association between food environment and cardiovascular disease risk in general has
been previously established. In a large multinational meta-analysis inclusive of millions of …

The food environment has been shown to influence dietary patterns, which ultimately affects
nutrition-related diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) …

BACKGROUND: Food environments have been linked to cardiovascular diseases; however,
few studies have assessed the relationship between food environments and the risk of heart …

Food deserts (FD), low-income areas with low access to healthful foods, are associated with
higher burden of cardiovascular risk factors. Few studies have examined the impact of FD on …

Background Food insecurity is a global leading public health challenge that affects not only
developing countries but also developed countries, including the United States. About 50 …

Background Food deserts (FDs), defined as low‐income communities with limited access to
healthy food, are a growing public health concern. We evaluated the impact of living in FDs …

Importance Food insecurity disproportionately affects Black individuals in the US. Its
association with coronary heart disease (CHD), heart failure (HF), and stroke is unclear …

Background—Food deserts (FD), neighborhoods defined as low-income areas with low
access to healthy food, are a public health concern. We evaluated the impact of living in FD …

Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2021; 14: e007473. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.
120.007473 January 2021 89 curity was− 4.6%(SD= 1.8) in the first (lowest) quartile …