Rodents sleep in bouts lasting minutes; humans sleep for hours. What are the universal
needs served by sleep given such variability? In sleeping mice and humans, through …

Sleep function remains controversial. Individual perspectives frame the issue of sleep
function differently. We briefly illustrate how sleep measurement and the evolution, tissue …

Older adults do not sleep as well as younger adults. Why? What alterations in sleep quantity
and quality occur as we age, and are there functional consequences? What are the …

Sleep quality and architecture as well as sleep's homeostatic and circadian controls change
with healthy aging. Changes include reductions in slow-wave sleep's (SWS) percent and …

Highlights•The full extent of post-encoding memory 'evolution'is yet to be
determined.•Sleep's role depends on the type of memory and type of processing.•Sleep can …

Sleep is a highly conserved phenomenon in endotherms, and therefore it must serve at least
one basic function across this wide range of species. What that function is remains one of …

While the functions of sleep remain largely unknown, one of the most exciting and
contentious hypotheses is that sleep contributes importantly to memory. A large number of …

Hippocampal cellular and molecular processes critical for memory consolidation are
affected by the amount and quality of sleep attained. Questions remain with regard to how …

Sleep is ubiquitous in animals and humans, but its function remains to be further
determined. The synaptic homeostasis hypothesis of sleep–wake regulation proposes a …

While the benefit of sleep after learning in offline consolidation is established [1], a role for
sleep before learning in promoting initial memory formation remains largely …