This article provides a broad outline of developments in the Dutch health‐care policy related
to the costs, budgeting, and reimbursement of pharmaceuticals. In‐hospital drugs costs are …

The German health care system has had a series of reforms in its pharmaceutical sector,
starting in 1988 with the introduction of a reference pricing scheme. A major new reform was …

For many years, drug prices in Germany were the highest in Europe and the level of
regulation of the pharmaceutical industry was lower than in other states. This situation has …

This supplement engages some of the leading health economists in Europe to analyze how
the policies in their respective health-care systems to control and influence pharmaceutical …

The funding and organization of health-care systems are designed to meet multiple goals. A
major goal is cost containment, particularly in the case of public health-care expenditure …

Summary In The Netherlands, the rate of consumption of medicine is low compared with that
in other member states of the European Community. Nevertheless, expenditure on …

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to give a review of the complex system of
budgetary constraints to which the French health‐care system has been committed since …

The Danish health care system is decentralized and tax financed. Reimbursable drugs are
financed by the national health insurance, which despite its official name, is a taxfunded …

Objective: Germany spends the highest share (10.4%) of its gross domestic product on
health care among European Union countries. The majority of this financing comes from an …

Pricing and reimbursement of pharmaceuticals are of concern for pharmacists. Different
countries have different ways of organising their health care systems. The place for …