Perennial plants live for more than 1 year and flower only after an extended vegetative
phase. We used Arabis alpina, a perennial relative of annual Arabidopsis thaliana, to study …

Plants flower in response to many varied cues, such as temperature, photoperiod, and age.
The floral transition of Cardamine flexuosa, a herbaceous biennial-to-perennial plant …

The reproductive strategies of plants are highly variable. Short-lived annuals flower
abundantly soon after germination, whereas longer-lived perennials postpone and spatially …

Multiple environmental and endogenous inputs regulate when plants flower. The molecular
genetic dissection of flowering time control in Arabidopsis has identified an integrated …

Highlights•Natural variation in FT proteins generates promoters or repressors of
flowering.•Long noncoding RNAs expressed at FLC correlate with its inactivation during …

Annual plants complete their life cycle in one year and initiate flowering only once, whereas
perennials live for many years and flower repeatedly. How perennials undergo repeated …

Like many species, the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana exhibits multiple different life
histories in natural environments. We grew mutants impaired in different signaling pathways …

Flowering of many plants is induced by environmental signals, but these responses can
depend on the age of the plant. Exposure of Arabidopsis thaliana to vernalization (winter …

Vernalization, the acceleration of flowering by a long period of cold temperature, ensures
that many plants overwinter vegetatively and flower in spring. In Arabidopsis, allelic variation …

The alpine perennial Arabis alpina initiates flower buds during prolonged exposure to cold.
In the accession Pajares, we demonstrate that the length of vernalization influences …