Most bacterial promoters are regulated by several signals. This is reflected in the complexity
of their organization, with multiple binding sites for different transcription factors. Studies of a …

Related organisms typically respond to a given cue by altering the level or activity of
orthologous transcription factors, which, paradoxically, often regulate expression of distinct …

Evolutionary changes in ancestral regulatory circuits can bring about phenotypic differences
between related organisms. Studies of regulatory circuits in eukaryotes suggest that these …

Transcriptional activation of many bacterial promoters in their natural environment is not a
simple on/off decision. The expression of cognate genes is integrated in layers of iterative …

Transcriptional regulatory systems play a central role in coordinating bacterial responses to
diverse stimuli. These systems can be studied in progressive stages: from input signals to …

Transcription is an essential step in gene expression and its understanding has been one of
the major interests in molecular and cellular biology. By precisely tuning gene expression …

Activation of the transcription of genes is central to many processes of adaptation and
differentiation in bacteria. Here, I review the molecular mechanisms by which transcription …

Transcription in most bacteria is tightly regulated in order to facilitate bacterial adaptation to
different environments, and transcription factors play a key role in this. Here we give a brief …

Bacteria use a variety of mechanisms to direct RNA polymerase to specific promoters in
order to activate transcription in response to growth signals or environmental cues …

Transcriptional initiation is arguably the most important control point for gene expression. It
is regulated by a combination of factors, including DNA sequence and its three-dimensional …