Macrophages are cells with remarkable plasticity. They integrate signals from their
microenvironment leading to context-dependent polarization into classically (M1) or …

Macrophages are subject to a wide range of cytokine and pathogen signals in vivo, which
contribute to differential activation and modulation of inflammation. Understanding the …

Macrophages derived from monocyte precursors undergo specific polarization processes
which are influenced by the local tissue environment: classically activated (M1) …

Growing evidence defines macrophages (Mφ) as plastic cells with wide-ranging states of
activation and expression of different markers that are time and location dependent. Distinct …

Macrophages, the primary cell of the innate immune system, act on a spectrum of
phenotypes that correspond to diverse functions. Dysregulation of macrophage phenotype is …

Macrophages respond to signals in the microenvironment by changing their functional
phenotypes, a process known as polarization. Depending on the context, they acquire …

Macrophage activation is associated with profound transcriptional reprogramming. Although
much progress has been made in the understanding of macrophage activation, polarization …

Monocytes/macrophages are key players in all phases of physiological and pathological
inflammation. To understanding the regulation of macrophage functional differentiation …

Macrophages are key inflammatory immune cells that display dynamic phenotypes and
functions in response to their local microenvironment. Major advances have occurred in …

Background Macrophages play an integral role in the host immune system, bridging innate
and adaptive immunity. As such, they are finely attuned to extracellular and intracellular …