Abstract Development of effective preventative interventions against SARS-CoV-2, the
etiologic agent of COVID-19 is urgently needed. The viral surface spike (S) protein of SARS …

The majority of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in use or advanced development are based on the
viral spike protein (S) as their immunogen. S is present on virions as prefusion trimers in …

Recombinant protein approaches offer major promise for safe and effective vaccine
prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We developed a recombinant spike protein vaccine …

The spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has
been identified as the prime target for vaccine development. The spike protein mediates …

The emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants, commonly with many mutations in S1 subunit of spike
(S) protein are weakening the efficacy of the current vaccines and antibody therapeutics …

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND The ongoing coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 pandemic
caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) might be …

To control the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic, a variety of severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) vaccines have been developed. However, the rapid mutations …

Background The COVID-19 pandemic continues to cause morbidity and mortality worldwide.
Most approved COVID-19 vaccines generate a neutralizing antibody response that primarily …

The SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) glycoprotein is synthesized as a large precursor protein and
must be activated by proteolytic cleavage into S1 and S2. A recombinant modified vaccinia …

The outbreak and spread of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-
2) is a current global health emergency, and effective prophylactic vaccines are needed …