Objectives A new treatable venous disorder, chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency
(CCSVI), has been proposed in patients with multiple sclerosis. The natural course of CCSVI …

When Zamboni et al. presented a new pathophysiological hypothesis, proof of concept and
possible cure for multiple sclerosis (MS) in 2009, 1 e3 many were intrigued by the simplicity …

In 2006, Zamboni reintroduced the concept that chronic impaired venous outflow of the
central nervous system is associated with multiple sclerosis (MS), coining the term of chronic …

Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) has been proposed as a cause of
multiple sclerosis (MS). However, two new studies found a very low overall prevalence of …

Background Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) is characterized by
stenoses of the internal jugular veins or the azygous vein, or both. It has been recently …

Abstract In 2008, Paulo Zamboni pioneered the 'liberation procedure'for treating multiple
sclerosis (MS), claiming that MS is caused by an abnormality of venous drainage which he …

CCSVI is more insidious in its onset than acute venous insufficiency. In fact, the association
of CCSVI with MS has been largely ignored despite Charcot's original description of the …

Objectives The traditional view that multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease has
recently been challenged by the claim that MS is caused by chronic cerebrospinal venous …

As early as 1863 Eduard Rindfleisch described and systematically studied the topographic
relationship between multiple sclerosis (MS) plaques and brain tissue venules frequently …

Background Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency (CCSVI) has been associated with
multiple sclerosis (MS) with a risk ranging from as high as two-hundred-fold to a protective …