Vascular endothelium maintains vascular homeostasis through liberating a spectrum of
vasoactive molecules, both protective and harmful regulators of vascular tone, structural …

Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation play an important role in the pathogenesis of
atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis develops as the first step of vascular endothelial …

Maintenance of endothelial cell integrity is an important component of human health and
disease since the endothelium can perform various functions including regulation of …

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are disorders associated with the heart and circulatory
system. Atherosclerosis is its major underlying cause. CVDs are chronic and can remain …

Located in the innermost layer of the vasculature and directly interacting with blood flow,
endothelium integrates various biochemical and biomechanical signals to maintain barrier …

The endothelium, a cellular monolayer lining the blood vessel wall, plays a critical role in
maintaining multiorgan health and homeostasis. Endothelial functions in health include …

Coronary artery disease (CAD) and its complications are the leading cause of death
worldwide. Inflammatory activation and dysfunction of the endothelium are key events in the …

The endothelium controls the tone of the underlying vascular smooth muscle mainly through
the production of vasodilator mediators. In some cases, this function is hampered by the …

Atherosclerotic vascular disease remains the most common cause of ischemia, myocardial
infarction, and stroke. Vascular function is determined by structural and functional properties …

Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is characterized by imbalanced vasodilation and
vasoconstriction, elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS), and inflammatory factors, as well …