Over a decade ago, the last mutagenesis to generate mutations affecting associative
learning in Drosophila ended. In all, about 3500 strains, mutagenized with ethylmethane …

Initial attempts to identify and characterize singlegene mutants with defective learning or
memory were begun by S. Benzer and colleagues at the California Institute of Technology …

Ten years ago, impressed with the power of genetics applied to straight molecular biology,
we set out to study learning using single-gene mutations. We were attracted to this problem …

Genetic dissection of learning and memory in Drosophila has been limited by the existence
of ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-induced mutations in only a small number of X-linked …

The behavior of normal Drosophila and of X-linked olfactory conditioning mutants was
analyzed by using an olfactory memory choice task. Memory in normal flies was optimal at 5 …

By changing the conditioned discrimination paradigm of Quinn et al.(1974) from an
instrumental procedure to a classical (Pavlovian) one, we have demonstrated strong …

Drosophila X-linked mutant dunce DB276 fails to display learning in an olfactory learning
paradigm, in spite of being able to sense odorants and shock (Byers, 1977; Fig. 1). However …

Drosophila melanogaster can be conditioned to avoid an odorant selectively after being
shocked in its presence (Quinn et al., 1974). In the following study learning and memory …

The dunce (dnc) gene of Drosophila melanogaster codes for cAMP phosphodiesterase
(PDE) and is required for normal learning/memory and for female fertility. The expression of …

The requirement for cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) in associative learning of
Drosophila was assessed in mutant flies hemizygous for a cold-sensitive allele, X4, of the …