The software comprehension process has been conceptualized as being either 'top‐down'or
'bottom‐up'in nature. We formally distinguish between two comprehension processes that …

Comprehending computer programs is one of the core software engineering activities.
Software comprehension is required when a programmer maintains, reuses, migrates …

Code cognition models examine how programmers understand program code. The authors
survey the current knowledge in this area by comparing six program comprehension …

Many studies have been conducted into how programmers comprehend software. Models
based on these studies have pointed to top-down, bottom-up, and mixed models for …

This paper presents an analysis schema for talk-aloud protocols, which distinguishes
between bottomup and two variants of top-down comprehension (as originally described by …

Publisher Summary This chapter describes existing models of comprehension, a model of
comprehension that is an integration, and synthesis of the previous models. It discusses the …

Program comprehension accounts for a large portion of software development costs and
effort. The academic literature contains mainly research on program comprehension of short …

This paper formally distinguishes between two variants of top-down comprehension (as
originally described by Brooks (1983) and Soloway (1984)). The first is inference-based …

Changes in an organization's internal and external environment impose numerous demands
on management information systems (MIS). Since few MIS can be designed to fully …

Program comprehension plays a crucial role during the software-development life cycle:
Maintenance programmers spend most of their time with comprehending source code, and …