The energy-converting organelles mitochondria and chloroplasts are tightly embedded in
cellular metabolism and stress response. To appropriately control organelle function …

Retrograde signalling refers to the regulation of nuclear gene expression in response to
functional changes in organelles. In plants, the two energy-converting organelles …

Because of their sessile lifestyle, plants cannot escape from heat stress and are forced to
alter their cellular state to prevent damage. Plants, therefore, evolved complex mechanisms …

The redox state of the chloroplast and mitochondria, the two main powerhouses of
photosynthesizing eukaryotes, is maintained by a delicate balance between energy …

Chloroplasts are genetically semiautonomous organelles that contain their own subset of
100-120 genes coding for chloroplast proteins, tRNAs, and rRNAs. However, the great …

The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in different plant subcellular compartments
is the hallmark of the response to many stress stimuli and developmental cues. The past two …

Plants, as sessile organisms, have evolved an exquisitely tuned response network to survive
environmental perturbations. Organelles-to-nucleus signaling, termed retrograde signaling …

Heat shock is one of the major abiotic factors that causes severe retardation in plant growth
and development. To dissect the principal effects of hyperthermia on chloroplast gene …

The response of chloroplasts to adverse environmental cues, principally increases in light
intensity, stimulates chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde signalling, which leads to the …

Shortly after the release of singlet oxygen (1O2) in chloroplasts, changes in nuclear gene
expression occur in the conditional flu mutant of Arabidopsis that reveal a rapid transfer of …