Active human visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is characterized by a progressive increase in
visceral parasite burden, cachexia, massive splenomegaly, and hypergammaglobulinemia …

Infection with the protozoan Leishmania donovani can cause serious visceral disease or
subclinical infection in humans. To better understand the pathogenesis of this dichotomy, we …

Visceral leishmaniasis is caused by protozoan parasites of the Leishmania donovani
complex. During active disease in humans, high levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α detected in blood …

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-deficient mice were challenged with Leishmania donovani to
characterize TNF in the response of visceral intracellular infection to antileishmanial …

Murine peritoneal macrophages activated with interferon (IFN)‐γ and lipopoly‐saccharide
(LPS) produce high levels of nitric oxide (NO) and are efficient in killing the intracellular …

Cutaneous leishmaniasis affects millions of people around the world. Several species of
Leishmania infect mouse strains, and murine models closely reproduce the cutaneous …

We recently reported that the infection of macrophages with Leishmania major led to the
release of type 1 interferons (IFN‐α/β). Moreover, at day 1 of infection of mice with L. major …

Susceptibility or resistance to infection with Leishmania major correlates with the ability of
mice to produce characteristic panels of lymphokines in response to the parasite. To …

Experimental visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by infection with Leishmania donovani
results in the development of organ‐specific immunity in the two main target tissues of …

Experimental murine infection with the parasites that cause human visceral leishmaniasis
(VL) results in the establishment of infection in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow. In most …