Not only is Jakarta the largest metropolitan area in Southeast Asia, it is the also one of the
most dynamic, though beset with most of the urban problems experienced in twenty-first …

Most of urban spatial structures in developing countries apparently face a typical
phenomenon, as well as in Indonesia. The development of the urban spatial structure has …

Traffic congestion has existed in urban areas since many years ago. Transport infrastructure
and congestion issues are high on the agenda of such urban problems and reinforce the …

Increasing number of privately owned vehicles are depicting Malaysians preferred mode of
mobility and lack of interest in the public transport system. In most developing countries such …

Transportation problems in Jakarta are very complex. There are three common problems
occuring, such as uncontroled numbers of private vehicles, poor and unreliable condition of …

Transportation issues are very complex because various social, economic and cultural
aspects are involved. In big cities in developing countries such as Jakarta, also have many …

Congestion is not a new problem for Jakarta, as the center of government and a
metropolitan city in Indonesia. Handling the congestion problem in Jakarta then requires a …

Abstract Jakarta Metropolitan Area has been facing problem in terms of congestion and its
chain effect, namely time value loss, high fuel consumption, and high greenhouse gas …

Rapid population growth has increased the mobility of people, which leads to traffic
congestion. Transit-oriented development (TOD) is a planning approach that is being …

Rapid urbanization and motorization in developing countries are empirically engendering
the unsustainable urban transport. Jakarta is now suffering from its negative consequences …